The Land between Two Rivers
By Logan & Philip
Chapter 3 Lesson 1
People built permanent homes along the valleys because they had plenty of water for drinking, cooking and bathing. They plenty food, they could eat fish, plant crops and gather livestock. Northern Mesopotamia sat on the high, flat land of a plateau. Southern Mesopotamia lay on the flow, flat land of an alluvial plain. As the floodwaters drained, they deposited soil and tiny rocks on the land to form a new layer of silt; it made the soil richer and better for planting crops. People in southern Mesopotamia’s crops dried out so they dug canals to carry water from the rivers to the land. Ubaid people lived simply by raising enough crops to survive. They lived in huts and worshiped gods in one-room temples. Over time they began to change, leaders were needed and they began to live in larger homes and building larger temples to honor their many gods. They also began painting pottery.
People built permanent homes along the valleys because they had plenty of water for drinking, cooking and bathing. They plenty food, they could eat fish, plant crops and gather livestock. Northern Mesopotamia sat on the high, flat land of a plateau. Southern Mesopotamia lay on the flow, flat land of an alluvial plain. As the floodwaters drained, they deposited soil and tiny rocks on the land to form a new layer of silt; it made the soil richer and better for planting crops. People in southern Mesopotamia’s crops dried out so they dug canals to carry water from the rivers to the land. Ubaid people lived simply by raising enough crops to survive. They lived in huts and worshiped gods in one-room temples. Over time they began to change, leaders were needed and they began to live in larger homes and building larger temples to honor their many gods. They also began painting pottery.
emergence of cities
by gwanwoo and emily
Harcourt Textbook- Social Studies Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 2
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
The Emergence of Cities
By 3000 B.C, 12 cities in Sumer had become city-states, or walled city and land around it. City-states grew populations and land over time. They civilized more and more as they developed technology. Sumerians were the first to form Monarchy. The king had complete authority over everything. Sumerians practiced polytheism and built temples, and believed that each god protected one city-state. Since religion was central to life in Sumer, priests became the most important people in the society. Economic surpluses led to new kind of jobs such as craft workers, metalworkers, and builders. Materials needed for other jobs often were not found in Sumer. Caravans traveled to other cities to trade needed goods with own surpluses such as grains and dates. First, only roadway trade was available, but later sailboat appeared and allowed waterway trade route. They used clay tokens to record trade to keep track of transactional information. An archaeologist found remains of Ur. The deepest layer had Ubaid community, on top of there was 8 feet of mud; evidence that a flood destroyed Ur soon after it was built. Top of the mud laid royal tombs, which includes many valuable items.
The Emergence of Cities
By 3000 B.C, 12 cities in Sumer had become city-states, or walled city and land around it. City-states grew populations and land over time. They civilized more and more as they developed technology. Sumerians were the first to form Monarchy. The king had complete authority over everything. Sumerians practiced polytheism and built temples, and believed that each god protected one city-state. Since religion was central to life in Sumer, priests became the most important people in the society. Economic surpluses led to new kind of jobs such as craft workers, metalworkers, and builders. Materials needed for other jobs often were not found in Sumer. Caravans traveled to other cities to trade needed goods with own surpluses such as grains and dates. First, only roadway trade was available, but later sailboat appeared and allowed waterway trade route. They used clay tokens to record trade to keep track of transactional information. An archaeologist found remains of Ur. The deepest layer had Ubaid community, on top of there was 8 feet of mud; evidence that a flood destroyed Ur soon after it was built. Top of the mud laid royal tombs, which includes many valuable items.
Daily Life In Sumer
By Logan & Philip
Chapter 3 Lesson 4
Trade, religion, and government were most popular in Sumerian cities. Farmers planted crops for food in the cities, and work done by the government officials supported the city. The Sumerians worshiped many gods, or deities, that represented nature. Over time, work was divided into social classes, groups with different levels of importance. The highest social class was made up of the king and his family, nobles, priest, and military leaders. The middle class was merchants, scribes, craft workers, and farmers. The lowest class was slaves.
Trade, religion, and government were most popular in Sumerian cities. Farmers planted crops for food in the cities, and work done by the government officials supported the city. The Sumerians worshiped many gods, or deities, that represented nature. Over time, work was divided into social classes, groups with different levels of importance. The highest social class was made up of the king and his family, nobles, priest, and military leaders. The middle class was merchants, scribes, craft workers, and farmers. The lowest class was slaves.
the First Empires
by emily and gwanwoo
Harcourt Textbook- Social Studies Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 5
Chapter 3 lesson 5
The First Empires
Sargon served in the army of the Sumerian city state, but he was not Sumerian. He rebelled to the king, conquered his king and other cities and built Akkadian empire. Sargon was emperor for 55 years. He used organized government and forces to control his people. He was one of the leaders who first had standing army, the army who gets paid for being soldiers. He collected tribute from conquered people. The Akkadian empire lasted about 225 years.
Between 1790 B.C and 1750 B.C, Hammurabi, the leader of city state Babylon conquered and united most of the Mesopotamia. He built the Babylonian empire. As an emperor, he oversaw trade, agriculture, irrigation, building projects, and tax system. His organized set of laws, which are the collection of conquered cities, is known as the code of Hammurabi. There is 282 laws, which included all kinds of issues. Some of the laws follow the idea of “an eye for an eye”. The Babylonian empire fell in about 1600 B.C.
The Kassites moved in to Babylon and conquered Babylon and ruled more than 500 years, but instead of destroying the culture, they adopted Babylonian culture, which helped Babylonian culture to live on. In the meantime, Assyrian empire gained power. They wanted to control trade routes in Southwestern Asia. They learned weapon skills from Hitties, and used lance and battering ram, which were to break down walls. Assyrian conquered their neighbors, build own empire and controlled all of Mesopotamia, present day Turkey, Egypt, and Persian Gulf. Assyrians first used magnifying glass, paved road, postal system, locks with keys, and libraries. They fell in 609 B.C., and the New Babylonian Empire rose. ON of the leader, Nebuchadnezzar, built the hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the World
The First Empires
Sargon served in the army of the Sumerian city state, but he was not Sumerian. He rebelled to the king, conquered his king and other cities and built Akkadian empire. Sargon was emperor for 55 years. He used organized government and forces to control his people. He was one of the leaders who first had standing army, the army who gets paid for being soldiers. He collected tribute from conquered people. The Akkadian empire lasted about 225 years.
Between 1790 B.C and 1750 B.C, Hammurabi, the leader of city state Babylon conquered and united most of the Mesopotamia. He built the Babylonian empire. As an emperor, he oversaw trade, agriculture, irrigation, building projects, and tax system. His organized set of laws, which are the collection of conquered cities, is known as the code of Hammurabi. There is 282 laws, which included all kinds of issues. Some of the laws follow the idea of “an eye for an eye”. The Babylonian empire fell in about 1600 B.C.
The Kassites moved in to Babylon and conquered Babylon and ruled more than 500 years, but instead of destroying the culture, they adopted Babylonian culture, which helped Babylonian culture to live on. In the meantime, Assyrian empire gained power. They wanted to control trade routes in Southwestern Asia. They learned weapon skills from Hitties, and used lance and battering ram, which were to break down walls. Assyrian conquered their neighbors, build own empire and controlled all of Mesopotamia, present day Turkey, Egypt, and Persian Gulf. Assyrians first used magnifying glass, paved road, postal system, locks with keys, and libraries. They fell in 609 B.C., and the New Babylonian Empire rose. ON of the leader, Nebuchadnezzar, built the hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the World
Mesopotamian
Achievements By Gene, Alex and Hadley [10/11 13.]
(social studies)
Farming: shade planting, bronze-tipped plows, funnel filled by seeds attached to the plows.
Measurements: used quarts to measure weight and volume, iku (37,600 square feet of fields.). 360-day calendar, division of time into hours, min, sec.
Building: formed bricks of mud for building homes, Ziggurat, temples,
Transportation: made boats of different materials for various purposes, they made wheels and carts.
Writing and literature: wrote down songs and stories, cuneiform, with writing, scribes recorded boundary lines, wars, list of kings, and gifts to tem
Achievements By Gene, Alex and Hadley [10/11 13.]
(social studies)
Farming: shade planting, bronze-tipped plows, funnel filled by seeds attached to the plows.
Measurements: used quarts to measure weight and volume, iku (37,600 square feet of fields.). 360-day calendar, division of time into hours, min, sec.
Building: formed bricks of mud for building homes, Ziggurat, temples,
Transportation: made boats of different materials for various purposes, they made wheels and carts.
Writing and literature: wrote down songs and stories, cuneiform, with writing, scribes recorded boundary lines, wars, list of kings, and gifts to tem