Summary of Egypt (lesson 1) By Gene, Alex,and Hadley
The land of the Nile (major features): cataracts, deltas, arid desserts.
Controlling the river: made dikes, dams to control the river.
Source of religion: believed in afterlife, unpredictable weather that believed that the gods controlled, Sargon changed polytheism=>monotheism.
Toward civilization: built temples as palaces to worship their gods and stone tombs to hold the bodies of rulers who had died. Pottery. mined copper for tool making and gold decorative art. Farmers grew surplus crops of wheat and barley. They Used donkeys to carry grain to storehouses in towns. Trade took place in Nile River. They built boats from bundles of reeds.
The land of the Nile (major features): cataracts, deltas, arid desserts.
Controlling the river: made dikes, dams to control the river.
Source of religion: believed in afterlife, unpredictable weather that believed that the gods controlled, Sargon changed polytheism=>monotheism.
Toward civilization: built temples as palaces to worship their gods and stone tombs to hold the bodies of rulers who had died. Pottery. mined copper for tool making and gold decorative art. Farmers grew surplus crops of wheat and barley. They Used donkeys to carry grain to storehouses in towns. Trade took place in Nile River. They built boats from bundles of reeds.
The Old Kingdom
By Logan & Philip
Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Summary
The fact that Egyptians believed in gods helped them maintain their authority. Writing formed, the Egyptians used hieroglyphs. The kings ordered pyramids to be built as a place for death to be buried. The Egyptians believed there would be an afterlife.
The fact that Egyptians believed in gods helped them maintain their authority. Writing formed, the Egyptians used hieroglyphs. The kings ordered pyramids to be built as a place for death to be buried. The Egyptians believed there would be an afterlife.
the middle kingdom
by gwanwoo and emily
Harcourt Textbook- Social Studies Unit 2 Chapter 4 Lesson 3
Chapter 4 Lesson 3
The Middle Kingdom
At the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt fell into civil war and famine. The Egypt was torn apart, but was together again in 2040 B.C., and the Middle Kingdom started. Dynasty 12, Amenemhet, a vizier, became the king of Egypt at 1991. He and his dynasty conquered all northern Nubia. The Egyptian built Walls of the Prince, forts, and massive buildings in the Middle Kingdom. Literature and art developed as well.
Caravans carried goods between S.W. Asia and eastern Mediterranean. Egypt exported jewelry and grains and minerals and semiprecious stones. They imported silver from Syria, copper and turquoise from Sinai Peninsula, cedar and pinewood from Lebanon, gold, ebony, ivory, and incense from S Nubia. Trade could be dangerous because they could move of the robbers and sandstorms while sea way had pirates and rough waves. However, sea way was faster.
After dynasty 12, there were attacks from invaders. Dynasty 13 forms, 70 kings rule. People from S.W. Asia and settled in Nile Delta. Egyptians called these people Hyksos. Hyksos brought about the end of the Middle kingdom and tore the Egypt apart. They had high military technology, horse-drawn chariots, body armor, and strong bow. Hyksos conquered Lower Egypt and established Dynasty 15 in 1640 B.C. and ruled for a century. Hyksos introduced horses, upright looms, more new musical instruments. They learned hieroglyphs from Egyptians. Hyksos greatly expanded land to Greek. But during 1500 B.C., Egypt declared war on Hyksos and Hyksos fell.
The Middle Kingdom
At the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt fell into civil war and famine. The Egypt was torn apart, but was together again in 2040 B.C., and the Middle Kingdom started. Dynasty 12, Amenemhet, a vizier, became the king of Egypt at 1991. He and his dynasty conquered all northern Nubia. The Egyptian built Walls of the Prince, forts, and massive buildings in the Middle Kingdom. Literature and art developed as well.
Caravans carried goods between S.W. Asia and eastern Mediterranean. Egypt exported jewelry and grains and minerals and semiprecious stones. They imported silver from Syria, copper and turquoise from Sinai Peninsula, cedar and pinewood from Lebanon, gold, ebony, ivory, and incense from S Nubia. Trade could be dangerous because they could move of the robbers and sandstorms while sea way had pirates and rough waves. However, sea way was faster.
After dynasty 12, there were attacks from invaders. Dynasty 13 forms, 70 kings rule. People from S.W. Asia and settled in Nile Delta. Egyptians called these people Hyksos. Hyksos brought about the end of the Middle kingdom and tore the Egypt apart. They had high military technology, horse-drawn chariots, body armor, and strong bow. Hyksos conquered Lower Egypt and established Dynasty 15 in 1640 B.C. and ruled for a century. Hyksos introduced horses, upright looms, more new musical instruments. They learned hieroglyphs from Egyptians. Hyksos greatly expanded land to Greek. But during 1500 B.C., Egypt declared war on Hyksos and Hyksos fell.
The new kingdom(lesson 4)
The new kingdom began in 1552 B.C.E, with the rule of Dynasty 18.
Kings of the great house: the power of the pharaohs was based in large part on gold. The Egypt’s first full-time army began during the new kingdom. Egyptians also conquered parts of Nubia, a land rich in gold, parts of Nubia, also called Kush-under the rule of an Egyptian official. Hatshepsut’s stepson, Thutmose III, followed her as a Pharaoh. Under his rule, the Egyptian empire reached its greatest size. The Egyptians of this period built huge temples to the gods, larger than any before them.
A time of change: in 1364 B.C.E, Amenhotep the IV became pharaoh. He and his wife, Nefertiti, brought change to Egypt. They abandoned the worship of Amon and the Egyptian gods. They favored a single god, Aton, god of the sun. Amenhotep IV, changed his name to Akhenaton, and his son Tutankaton changed his name to Tutankhamen.
Egyptian society: let’s say the Egyptian society is like layers of a Pyramid, the Pharaoh is on top, and the royal family members, priests, and nobles, under that was craft workers, merchants, and scribes, the fourth layer has farmers and unskilled workers, and at last, there was the slaves.
The new kingdom began in 1552 B.C.E, with the rule of Dynasty 18.
Kings of the great house: the power of the pharaohs was based in large part on gold. The Egypt’s first full-time army began during the new kingdom. Egyptians also conquered parts of Nubia, a land rich in gold, parts of Nubia, also called Kush-under the rule of an Egyptian official. Hatshepsut’s stepson, Thutmose III, followed her as a Pharaoh. Under his rule, the Egyptian empire reached its greatest size. The Egyptians of this period built huge temples to the gods, larger than any before them.
A time of change: in 1364 B.C.E, Amenhotep the IV became pharaoh. He and his wife, Nefertiti, brought change to Egypt. They abandoned the worship of Amon and the Egyptian gods. They favored a single god, Aton, god of the sun. Amenhotep IV, changed his name to Akhenaton, and his son Tutankaton changed his name to Tutankhamen.
Egyptian society: let’s say the Egyptian society is like layers of a Pyramid, the Pharaoh is on top, and the royal family members, priests, and nobles, under that was craft workers, merchants, and scribes, the fourth layer has farmers and unskilled workers, and at last, there was the slaves.